When Life Gives You Lemons

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Lovely Lemon Pudding is a great solace

Neem For Indoors, Outdoors, Ornamentals & Edibles

In February, I always feel relaxed about garden chores. There’s plenty of time, right? It’s kinda rainy, kinda windy, the weather will surely be nicer tomorrow… However, no sooner does the calendar page turn to March when suddenly, cherry trees are blooming, daffodils are trumpeting and minor bulbs are popping up everywhere. Less delightfully, so are aphids, both indoors and out. Dang! Last fall, I took cuttings of some favorite shrubs, including low growing California lilacs and several hardy fuchsias. They’ve been poking along happily all winter, keeping company in my unheated sun room with my lemon tree, some crazy-floriferous florist’s cyclamen, lemon thyme and an amazingly long-lived Italian parsley.

As I watered this weekend, I noticed some of the fuchsia foliage was looking peaky and realized that suddenly, aphids were everywhere. Dang again! Fortunately, I have a jarful of ladybugs in the fridge, so I misted everything and released a few of the sleeping beauty bugs. They’re already chowing down, but it turns out that my poor lemon tree is under attack by a barrage of bugs; aphids, scale and whiteflies. Ok, triple dang!

On Beyond Ladybugs

Once the usual washing (of leaves) and squashing (of bugs) proved inadequate, my solution was to enlist neem oil. Extracted from the nuts of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), this powerful yet generally safe substance contains azadirachtin and related compounds (liminoids) that have an astonishing number of practical applications. Neem seed oil is anti-fungal and antibacterial and has been used to combat a wide range of plant pests for centuries in India, where residues of all parts of the neem tree are routinely added to garden composts and the crushed seed is considered a valuable soil amendment.

In India, every part of the neem tree is put to traditional uses. Neem leaves are used in analgesic teas and skin-soothing tinctures. Neem leaf powder, long used in folk remedies for cuts and abrasions, is now recognized as an effective antibacterial agent. Neem bark is incorporated into men’s and women’s body care products and cosmetics. Neem twigs are used like dental floss and neem extracts are often included in toothpastes, where they help fight cavity-causing bacteria. A few years ago, HIV researchers discovered that neem treatments will attack a protein the HIV virus needs in order to multiply, and further research may well turn up even more far-reaching uses.

Out Out Black Spot

Quickly biodegradable and nearly non-toxic (except in large doses) to mammals, neem oil can be used to repel plant pests or prevent many diseases. As hormone disruptors, Azadirachtin and those related liminoids act something like steroids. When insects eat treated foliage, the liminoids disrupt normal hormonal production, causing some insects to stop eating and interfering with reproduction and maturation in others. Since bees and other pollinators don’t eat foliage, they aren’t harmed, but neem sprays smother aphids, beetles, caterpillars, scale, spider mites, thrips and whiteflies. Given the broad range of potential targets, it’s obviously best to use neem sprays selectively and carefully to avoid wiping out the 97% of insects that are beneficial or benign.

In the garden, neem sprays also help to control disfiguring foliage diseases such as powdery mildew and black spot by smothering the causative pathogens. In my garden, a strict regimen of neem spraying eliminated black spot even on disease-prone roses like Angel Face (often nicknamed ‘Zit Face’). However safe this or any least-toxic pesticide may be, it is still important to use it respectfully. Neem oils can be used on garden herbs and vegetables, but swish vegetables, fruit, and leafy greens in warm water and food-safe soap and rinse well before serving.

Lemon Tree Emergency

As for the suffering lemon tree, I gently showered off the whole plant (no small feat), spraying both sides of the leaves to bump off the aphids. I then dabbed the stems and twigs with neem oil on cotton swabs to smother the scale insects that had appeared as if by magic. Where the heck do these things even come from? While I was at it, my granddaughter called my attention to a few tiny ants in the kitchen. A chat with my neighbor revealed that all the nearby homes get seasonal visits from odorous house ants. Nooooo! Been there, done that and definitely do not want to go through it again!!! After battling them for years at my former house, I refuse to host them here, so it’s off to find some boric acid ant traps….

A Lemony Lift

Since this may be the last time I get lemons from my troubled little tree, I wanted to make something memorable with them. I can’t think of anything more delicious than this zesty lemon pudding; it’s seriously tart, but you can adjust the flavor while the filling is still hot by adding sugar and/or butter to taste. You can also leave off the vanilla, but it does add a pleasantly floral note.

Seriously Lemon Pudding

1/2 cup (or more) cane sugar
tiny pinch sea salt
1/2 cup fresh lemon juice
grated zest from 2-3 organic lemons
3 large eggs
4 tablespoons unsalted butter, sliced
1 teaspoon vanilla extract (optional)
1/2 cup chopped roasted pecans (or pistachios)

In a heavy bottomed sauce pan, combine the sugar, salt, lemon juice, lemon zest, and eggs and whisk to blend well. Add butter and bring mixture to a simmer over medium low heat, stirring frequently (especially pan edges). When mixture thickens, whisk constantly for one minute, then remove from heat and stir in vanilla. Spoon filling into a pretty bowl and sprinkle nuts on top. Serves at least one.

Posted in Care & Feeding, pests and pesticides, Pets & Pests In The Garden, Pollinators, Recipes, Sustainable Gardening, Sustainable Living | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Getting The Jump On The Equinox

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SO many bugs are benign!

Ladybugs Prefer Meteorological Spring

It’s Spring! Sort of. For some reason, every news source seems to be discovering that, according to the meteorological seasonal system, today is the official First Day Of Spring. Those of us who are tired of waiting for the endless winter to roll away can enjoy an extra three weeks of feeling springy while people clinging to the astronomical method of reckoning seasonal swings have to wait until the Spring Equinox on March 20. While the astronomical reckoning is as old as the hills (in one form or another, including the ancient Celtic system and other sun-based methods), the meteorological method of neatly dividing the year into tidy three-month sets has only been around since the mid 20th century. The National Weather Service has been a huge fan, since it’s much easier to work with than the ever-shifting Old Way (and don’t even get me started about figuring out when Easter is supposed to be).

Anyway, gardeners are thrilled to receive the gift of some warmish, sunny-ish days, whether right on schedule or not. Bulbs are popping, buds are swelling, catkins are blooming, and once again, my windows are busy with ladybugs. Like many older homes, this one has become a haven for a colony of ladybugs, which were happily hibernating in the walls, waiting for spring to arrive. As the recent Pineapple Express winds blew in, the walls warmed up and our hidden neighbors emerged. I know quite a few other homes that host these hidden guests, which are as good an indicator of spring as any bulb or calendar. Several friends have asked this week just where the ladybugs came from and what they should do with them.

Nurturing Good Bugs

Fortunately, though they’ve lost their way, these ladybugs are both benign and useful. These house-dwellers are Korean ladybugs that were introduced in the late 1970s by the Washington State Department of Agriculture to control agricultural crop pests. ough they are not native to this continent, they’re just as welcome as their Mexican kin but definitely beneficial, they were introduced in the late 1970s to control field pests. Like migrating birds, ladybugs apparently use a kind of internal GPS to find their way along their accustomed routes in their homeland. However, once shifted from Korea to Washington and elsewhere along the West Coast, their internal monitors can’t guide them home, so they take refuge in hospitable homes. Our local ladybugs also hibernate, sometimes in a cozy stump or cave, and sometimes in house walls. The ones we buy at nurseries are mostly wild-gathered, often from high altitude caves in Mexico, where the slumbering critters are scooped up and bagged and sold to gardeners for backyard release.

When spring arrives and windows get covered with swarming ladybugs, some people freak out and try to get rid of them. It’s worth remembering that hungry ladybugs eat their weight daily in pests like aphids and whitefly eggs, and those stuck-indoors little ladybirds can be beneficial garden helpers. However, put outside too soon, ladybugs will quickly die unless there are plenty of aphids and other tasty pests around. To help them as well as your garden, tuck these hard working beneficials in the fridge until warmer spring are here. To avoid harming these delicate creatures, gently sweep them into a clean dustpan or use a hand-held vacuum cleaner with a clean, empty bag. Put a wide-mouth funnel into a canning jar, then gently slide in the ladybugs, adding a small piece of damp (not soaking wet) paper towel to keep them from drying out. Loosely screw on the jar lid and refrigerate the jar until garden aphids arrive in April or May.

When Sleeping Bugs Awaken

Whether you’re releasing home-grown or commercially sold ladybugs, a few simple steps will help keep them in your garden. It’s frustrating to release dormant ladybugs only to have them all fly away. Remember that they’re going to wake up thirsty, so spray a wide swath of foliage before letting the ladies go, or pick a rainy, warm day for their release. That way, emerging ladybugs won’t immediately fly away to find water. Please ignore internet tips that suggest spraying dormant ladybugs with sweet drinks (such as fizzy pop) to glue their wings shut for a week or so. This is horrible torture for your ladybugs, which often die without mating (not at all what you or they want) when hampered by this “glue” treatment. Water’s what they want, and after a refreshing drink, they want to mate (after all, it’s spring). Very soon, they’ll be laying fuzzy orange ladybugs eggs that will hatch into larvae that resemble tiny black alligators with orange or red spots. These weird looking larvae are excellent eaters who demolish even more aphids than adults.

By now, I sincerely hope it’s obvious that if we invite beneficial bugs like ladybugs, bees, and other native pollinators into our gardens, we must avoid toxic chemical pesticides. Many garden toxins have a broad-spectrum kill effect and some target up to 100 kinds of insects. Since the maritime west only has about a dozen harmful insect pests, more non-target insects than pests are needlessly harmed. I’ve heard those who are squeamish about bugs say “so what?” quite often, but let’s all remember that over 97% of all known insects are either harmless or beneficial. If you want to rid plants of pests without harming ladybugs and bees and other beneficials, the best place to start is with water. Many pests can be washed away with the hose, especially if you attach a high-pressure nozzle to a watering wand. They’re great for blasting off spider mites, aphids, and whitefly, which are killed by the force of the water, though our plants are unharmed. It’s also good for rinsing pollen, molds and mildews off decks and outdoor furniture and cleaning moss off stairs and sidewalks. Onward, right?

Posted in Health & Wellbeing, pests and pesticides, Pollinators, Sustainable Gardening, Sustainable Living | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

Winter Refreshment

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A spunky raw salad makes a great pick-me-up

A Fresh Salad & A Fresh Start

Last Friday morning I gratefully got my second vaccination shot and the reaction was enlightening. While I know several dozen people who have or have had covid19, until now, I thought of it vaguely as a nasty kind of flu. Clearly, it affected some folks more than others, but then so does flu, right? I had no reaction at all to the first shot but I knew the second one could be rougher so I prudently made some soup and snacks and piled up some comfort books to read. By mid afternoon, the vaccine was kicking my immune system into high gear and I was mentally apologizing to everyone with the real thing: Sorry, I did not imagine what you were experiencing! Recurring bouts of nausea and fevers and chills and muscle and joint pains and pounding headaches that were truly immobilizing continued for about 36 hours. I’d read that it’s best not to use anything to reduce the fever for the first day or so in order to make sure the immune system was able to respond. Emboldened by the powerful reaction, I finally took a Tylenol Saturday night and slept 14 hours, but still felt exhausted yesterday. Today, however, I feel basically normal. Done! Whew!

I say all this because I want to encourage people to please get the vaccine! Several friends have said they worry about its safety or worry about the reaction, but it’s so varied, nobody can really predict how anyone will respond. Several friends in their 80s had almost no reaction at all, while younger friends in their 30s and 40s were hammered, though just for a day. All weekend, I kept thinking that this was just the pale shadow of what millions of people have been experiencing, and for a lot longer than a few hours or days. Now I no longer have to be so fearful as I shop and walk the neighborhood. Of course I’m still going to wear a mask and keep my distance but the fear factor has diminished greatly.

Gratitude Overflowing

I am extremely grateful for the vaccine, and for the thousands of generous, public spirited people who have mobilized around the country to get people vaccinated. Since the former regime had no plan at all for vaccine distribution, it fell to the states, unprepared and underfunded, to work out how to get the immense and complicated job done. Now the federal government is taking on more responsibility yet most of the hands-on work is being done by ad hoc teams of volunteers, many with at least some medical training and some who are also working full time on top of volunteering. Here in Washington, it’s extremely impressive to see each county pulling together groups to perform testing and administer vaccinations for thousands of people, just about as fast as the vaccines become available. Cooperation, collaboration and community are coming back as core values, as strongly as ever. We are finally uniting against a common danger and we are already stronger for it.

Prepare For Recuperating

If you are scheduling your second vaccination, you might want to make a few preparations as the date draws near. On the first day of my highly diluted experience, I only wanted water. It was wonderful to have refreshing, nourishing food ready when I came back into focus the second day and could muster the energy to eat something. Soup is always comforting, so have some of your own favorite types on hand. You might also want to try this raw winter salad, lively with lemon and garlic; for me, it was the best wake-me-up of all. The dressing is similar to the one I use for tabouli, and the spunky flavor invites the addition of fresh parsley and cilantro as well as some chopped mint if that appeals. It’s also great drizzled over steamed vegetables or grilled fish or any combination of greens. Adjust the lemon to taste, starting with one tablespoon; I like it to have some zing, but it still sings with a mellower amount.

Zesty Winter Broccoli Salad

2 cups chopped broccoli florets
2 cups finely chopped cauliflower florets
1 cup finely shredded green cabbage
1 cup finely shredded kale
1 cup chopped sweet peppers
2-3 finely chopped green onions
Lemon Garlic Dressing to taste (see below)
1/2 cup halved cherry tomatoes (garnish)

Combine first 6 vegetables, drizzle with dressing and toss gently to coat. Let stand at least 20 minutes or up to overnight (refrigerated), then serve at room temperature, garnished with sliced tomatoes. Makes about 4 cups. Refrigerate leftovers for up to 2 days.

Lively Lemon Garlic Dressing


Juice of 1 lemon (4-5 tablespoons)
1 clove garlic, pressed or minced
1/2 cup avocado or olive oil
pinch sea salt
few grinds black pepper
1/4 teaspoon maple syrup (optional)

Combine in a jar, adding lemon juice to taste, and shake vigorously to emulsify. Makes about 2/3 cup. Refrigerate leftovers for up to 3 days.

 

 

Posted in Health & Wellbeing, Nutrition, Recipes, Sustainable Living, Vegan Recipes | Tagged , , , | 5 Comments

Garden Valentines

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Little birds embroidering the snow

Gardens As Living Love

Today, snow lies deep around our snug little home and the neighborhood gardens are transformed into soft humps and curves. There’s enough snow to keep most people indoors, and without traffic noise, the only sounds are bird chirps, including the insistent buzz of our resident hummingbirds. Though the nights have been cold, the hummingbird feeders only froze solid once; that sugar water resists freezing until it stays in or below the mid-20s for quite a while. I thawed the feeders and put out the first one, only to be dive bombed by a very determined male Anna’s. When I hung the second feeder up, I realized that he thought that one was HIS and ought to have been replaced first. Live and learn!

All weekend the hummers stayed close to the feeders; I read in an Audubon newsletter that they need to feed every 10-15 minutes when awake. No wonder they were eagerly for me to replace their slushy nectar with freely flowing liquid. I mixed up the warm sugar water (always at the same ratio of 4 cups water to 1 cup sugar) and filled the feeder fuller than usual, figuring that the larger volume of liquid would freeze more slowly. Taking feeders in at dusk is easy, but putting them back out at dawn is less fun, so I was glad that the overhang of the porch roof provided enough protection to keep them liquid.

Natural Bird Food

Maritime winters are usually mild enough that a fair number of flowers remain for hummingbirds, from random penstemons and rosemary blossoms to sweet alyssum and calendulas, which are apt to bloom a bit any month of the year. Hardy fuchsias often produce late blossoms too, and our resident hummingbirds visit them daily. They also enjoy the fragrant golden bells on various mahonias, from towering Charity to dainty little repens. Winter blooming sasanqua camellias are also popular, especially those like Yuletide with single blossoms, which are easier to access than ruffled double blossoms. Similarly, single hellebores are favored over the densely packed doubles, not too surprising, since some are sterile. Flowering currants and salmonberry were just beginning to open before the snow and I noticed the hummingbirds nuzzling them ardently. Perhaps they know it’s Valentine season, when love is in the air.

When I practice gratitude (something I’ve been working hard on for the past few years), birds and gardening are high on my list of things I’m grateful for. I love birds for their bravery and beauty, cheerfulness and exuberance, and I love gardening for the deep delight of sharing life with plants. I love pottering among plants, and just looking at them makes me feel tender, whether watching tiny sprouts mature into independent beings or seeing beloved plants age out after providing many years of beauty. I’m grateful to be nearsighted so I can admire the tiny dusting of pale pink freckles on the creamy faces of dwarf Trillium pusillum and see the shimmer of pollen on snowdrop stamens. I’m grateful for every new leaf, each bud and blossom at this in-between season, with winter on the wane and spring on the wing.

Learning To Love

Perhaps most of all, I am grateful for the slowly gained knowledge that allows me to nurture plants that need a little help and leave those that don’t to fend for themselves. Tending plants feels holy, like a sacred task that offers health and healing to the caregiver as well as to the plants. For many years, I would do almost anything to try to bring struggling plants back to health, but as I age myself, I’m finding that allowing plants to take their natural path also feels like honoring them. If certain plants can’t thrive in my garden, I’ll give them away rather than try to manipulate the situation to please them. If others thrive all too well, I’ll find them new homes where there’s room for their natural ebullience. Just as shearing plants into cubes feels deeply disrespectful to me, priding myself on making plants grow where they aren’t truly suited feels now more like willfulness and less like skill. As I’ve learned to love my plants more wisely, I’m more apt to appreciate them for what they are by nature and less apt to interfere.

I was recently reminded of a long ago garden visit with an author who wrote about heroism in women’s lives. At one point, I had to attend to a child and left her wandering in the garden. When I returned, she looked dazed and horrified. When asked what was wrong, she blurted out, “This seems like so much WORK; how can you do it?” She saw me as a misguided woman making heroic efforts on what was useless labor. I was astonished, then amused, explaining that what she saw as drudgery was nourishing, sustaining, and actively fun for me. Gardening provided relief from endless hours writing at a desk and took me out of my mind and brought me into my whole being. I saw garden making as an art form, a creative, fruitful expression of my love for plants and the whole natural world. It was also the source of my work; everything I did in the garden served to nourish the articles and books I wrote to support my family. What’s not to love?

Plant Lovers Are Lucky

That clash of viewpoints convinced me that we gardeners are especially fortunate in feeling so at home out of doors, as the desk-bound often don’t. We revel in getting “dirty”, in plunging our hands into lovely soil, in spreading compost, in getting a load of well aged manure. As a young woman, the garden taught me that I was capable of having great fun, even though I dislike parties and most social gatherings. My idea of fun was just different, as my ideas about what’s normal also proved to be. Different and rich and wonderfully rewarding. Over the years, my gardens have also taught me true patience; I realized that in adult relationships, I had rarely been patient, just long-suffering.

Plant love showed me where I truly am patient, contented to wait for buds to appear, swell, open and develop into fruit. I delight in the slowly building joy that comes from growing a tree or shrub from seed. I’ve learned to delight in the passing of the seasons as my plants rose in triumph and fell in decay. I’ve learned to appreciate the role of decay, not as loss but as recycling summer’s beauties into compost. I’ve learned to work steadily but slowly, changing tasks often to avoid straining aging muscles. Perhaps the greatest thing I’ve learned from my garden is how to nurture myself. Whenever I feel discontented, it only takes a few minutes of active work in the garden to reconnect me with the flow of time and change that gives gardening much of its allure. In touching the earth and handling living plants, we are joined into the great changing cycles of life that connect all living things. As we engage with plants, our spirits are soothed and supported and our deep love can bloom.

Posted in Birds In The Garden, Care & Feeding, Easy Care Perennials, fall/winter crops, Garden Design, Health & Wellbeing, Native Plants, Pollination Gardens, Pollinators, Sustainable Gardening, Sustainable Living | Tagged , | 12 Comments